IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


Ki  12.2 
ju    12.0 

lis. 


^      I 

1.25  il.4   11.6 


V] 


7i 


*> 


^'.v 


-?> 


«» 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


T  ;chnical  and  Bibliographic  Notot/Notes  taciiniquat  at  bibiiographiquaa 


Tha  Instituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tita  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uauai  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcaci  balow. 


D 


D 


D 


D 
D 


n 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


r~|   Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covara  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurAa  at/ou  paiiiculAa 


I     I    Covar  titia  miaaing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


r~~|    Colourad  nf*apa/ 


Cartaa  gAographiquas  an  coulaur 

Colourad  Inic  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I      I    Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuttrations/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illustrationt  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autras  documanta 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  raliura  sarrAe  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  IntAriaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibia,  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  ajouttes 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaiasant  dans  la  taxta, 
mais,  lorsqua  cela  Atait  possibia,  cas  pagas  n'ont 
pas  AtA  fllmAas. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairaa  supplAmantairas: 


T 
U 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  axamp'aira 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  poaaibla  da  aa  procurar.  Laa  dAtaila 
da  cat  axampiaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vua  bibiiographiqua,  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita.  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  m^thoda  normala  da  filmaga 
aont  indiqute  ci-dassous. 


I     I   Colourad  pagas/ 


D 
D 


Pagas  da  coulaur 

Pagas  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagAaa 

Pagas  rastorad  and/oi 

Pagas  rastaurAas  at/ou  palliculAas 

Pagas  discolourad,  stainad  or  foxa< 
Pagas  dAcolorAas,  tachatAas  ou  piquAas 

Pagas  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachies 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prin 

Quality  in^gala  da  I'impraaaion 

Includes  supplementary  matatii 
Comprend  du  material  supplAmentaire 


|~~|  Pagas  damaged/ 

I — I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I — I  Pages  discoloured,  stainad  or  foxed/ 

I     I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

|~~|  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r^  Includes  supplementary  matatial/ 


T 

P 
o 
fl 


G 
b 
tl 

si 
o 

fi 

si 
o 


Tl 
si 

Tl 

di 
ei 
b 
ri 
r( 
nr 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Adition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalemant  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillat  d'errata,  una  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  At*  filmAas  A  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  Item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  l>elow/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiquA  ci-dassous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

'       ' 

12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  b««n  r«produc«d  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  off: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archiv«s  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grAca  *  la 
gAndrosit*  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  Itaaping  with  tha 
ffilming  contract  spaciffications. 


Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  *t*  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  beck  cover  when  eppropriete.  All 
other  originel  copies  ere  ffilmed  beginning  on  the 
ffirst  pege  with  a  printed  or  illustreted  impres- 
sion, end  ending  on  *he  lest  pege  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  lest  recorded  freme  on  each  microfiche 
shell  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "I,  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
pepier  est  imprimAe  sent  filmte  en  commenfent 
per  le  premier  plet  et  en  terminent  soit  par  la 
derniire  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustrstion,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autras  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commanpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — *>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Meps,  pletes,  charts,  etc..  mey  be  filmed  at 
difffferent  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grend  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcassaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustren"  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

^^  V 


OPEN    LETTERS. 


Tha  Vancouver  Centenary,  and  the  Discoverers  of 
Pacific  America. 

FOR  some  time  preceding  this  last  year  of  Chicago, 
the  search-lights  of  history  have  been  turned  upon 
Columbus,  his  immediate  successors,  and  the  valiant 
Norse  predecessor.  Following  upon  these  stBdies  of 
Atlantic  America,  the  local  pride  of  Pacific  Amerir.a  now 
demands  the  honors  due  the  discoverers  ol  the  western 
shores  of  the  New  World.  The  hazardous  voyage  of 
Sir  Francis  Drake,  resulting  in  the  narrative  "  The 
World  Encompassed,"  and  cf  those  other  early  round- 
the-world  navigators  who  ventured  into  and  across  the 
great  South  Sea,  are  being  celebrated  at  the  present 
California  Midwinter  Intei  national  Exposition,  which 
is  for  the  praise  and  glory  of  the  whole  Pacific  coast. 
It  was  only  a  'lalf-century  after  Columbus  that  galleons 
came  to  the  Golden  Gate,  and  now,  side  by  side  ivith 
models  of  these  crafts,  California's  people  show  the 
counterfeit  of  the  magnificent  battle-ship  just  launched 
from  the  ways  within  that  Western  sea-gate  —  match- 
pieces  for  the  caravels  and  the  battle-'-hip  at  Chicago. 

It  is  no  longer  questioned  that  some  Chinese  Leif 
Ericsson  touched  upon  the  Pacific  coast  centuries  be- 
fore Sir  Francis  rode  in  the  shadow  of  Tnmalpais,  and 
Buddhist  priests  reached  New  Spain  before  Cabrillo, 
Vizcaino,  and  Ferrelo  brought  their  galleons  from  the 
south,  and  the  piratical  ones  concealed  their  booty  on 
the  Farallones. 

Professor  George  C.  Davidson,  the  veteran  scientist 
of  the  Pacific  coast,  whose  surveys  of  thirty  years  cover 
.ill  of  that  ocean's  edge  from  Mexico  to  Bering  Sea,  has 
fully  identified  all  the  anchorages  r>f  these  earliest  visi- 
tors, and  elaborated  the  proofs  tha '  Sir  Francis  Drake 
anchored  in  the  little  bay  north  of  the  '"lolden  Gate,  and 
not  in  the  harbor   f  San  Francisco,  as  so  ^ong  supposed. 

Even  after  the  great  navigator.  Captain  James  Cook, 
came  into  the  Pacific,  ihcast,  mysterious  South  Sea  was 
a  realm  of  fable.  Lillipu.,  Jrobdingnag,  and  the  lost  At- 
lantis were  washed  by  its  waters ;  Del  Fonte's  river,  the 
archipelago  of  San  Lazaria,  De  Fuca's  Strait,  or  those 
of  Anian,  tempted  two  centuries  of  discovery  before  the 
mystery  war.  dispelled.  In  his  second  voyage  Cook 
proved  that  the  imaginary  southern  or  Antarctic  conti- 
nent of  that  day  did  not  exist.  In  his  third  and  last 
voyage  he  supplemented  the  work  of  Bering,  proving 
how  closely  the  continental  shores  of  Asia  and  Ametira 
approached,  and  sailed  up  to  the  edge  of  the  ice-pack 
in  the  Arctic.  The  recent  publication  of  Captain  Cook's 
own  journal  of  his  last  voyage  is  most  opportune  at  this 
season  of  sudden  interest  in  all  things  concerning  Pa- 
cific America,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  a  reprint  of  Van- 
couver's now  rare  "  Voyages  "  will  soon  bring  the  work 
of  that  great  surveyor  within  every  student's  reach. 

George  Vancouver,  who  entered  the  British  navy  at 
the  age  of  thirteen,  was  a  midshipman  with  Cook  on  the 
voyages  toward  the  south  pole  and  the  north  pole.  In 
1790  he  was  given  the  orders  the  execution  of  which  fills 
the  volumes  entitled,  "  A  Voyage  of  Discovery  to  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean  and  Round  the  World,  In  Which 
the  Coast  of  Northwest  America  has  been  Carefully 
Examined  and  Accurately  Surveyed ;  Undertaken  by 
798 


His  Majesty's  Command,  Principally  with  a  View  to 
Ascertain  the  Existence  of  any  Navigable  Communica- 
tion between  the  North  Pacific  and  North  Atlantic 
Oceans;  and  Performed  in  the  years  1790,  1791,  179^, 
1 793,  1 794,  and  1 795.  In  the  Discovery  sloop  of  war, 
and  armed  tender  Chatham,  under  the  Command  of 
Captain  George  Vancouver." 

This  long  voyage,  during  which  three  summer  sea- 
sons were  spent  in  surveying  the  Northwest  Coast  and 
three  winter  seasons  were  devoted  to  the  Sandwich  Isl- 
ands, was  more  fruitful  of  results  than  any  other  ex- 
pedition of  its  kind  —  the  greatest  and  most  accurate 
piece  of  surveying  recorded ;  their  completeness  caus- 
ing Vancouver's  charts  to  remain  standards  of  authority 
for  almost  a  hundred  years. 

Vancouver's  commission  ordered  him  to  proceed  by 
way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  the  Sandwich  Isl- 
ands to  the  Northwest  Coast,  and  to  take  over  the  fort 
at  Noolka,  which  Spain  had  been  forced  to  cede  to 
Great  Britain  by  the  Convention  at  Madrid  in  1 790.  He 
was  then  to  survey  that  coast  from  latitude  30°  N.  to 
Cook's  Great  River,  examining  all  considerable  inlets 
and  mouths  of  rivers  for  the  supposed  passage  through 
to  the  Atlantic  —  as  the  reported  voyages  of  Berkely, 
Meares,  Kendrick,  and  Quimper  in  behind  Nootka  had 
revived  a  belief  in  the  existence  of  Juan  dc  Fuca's  Strait. 

Vancouver  was  not  a  discoverer,  and  was  not  entitled 
to  any  such  first  honors  mistakenly  accorded  him.  He 
only  verified  the  reports  of  others,  sailing  by  their  notes 
and  rough  sketches ;  but  his  narrative  and  charts  being 
the  first  published,  and  remaining  for  so  long  the  sole 
authority,  he  has  rather  usurped  the  laurels  of  his 
predecessors.  He  sighted  Cape  Mendocino  in  April, 
1792,  and,  cruising  within  a  league  of  land,  rounded 
Cook's  Cape  Flattery,  entered  De  Fuca's  noble  strait, 
and  proceeded  to  explore  "  the  promised  expansive 
Mediterranean  Ocean,  which  by  various  accounts  is  said 
to  have  existence  in  these  regions."  There  he  found 
landscapes  "  almost  as  enchantingly  beautiful  as  the 
most  elegantly  finished  pleasure-gro"  .ds  in  Europe," 
and  that  "  the  country  exhibited  everything  that  boun- 
teous nature  could  be  expected  to  draw  into  one  point 
of  view."  But  while  he  "could  not  believe  that  any 
uncultivated  country  had  ever  been  discovered  exhibit- 
ing so  rich  a  picture,"  he  sowed  seeds  of  discord  by  his 
ill-considered  nomenclature.  As  a  boy,  he  saw  Captain 
Cook  scrupulously  recording  the  native  names  of  every 
place,  and  making  every  effort  to  obtain  them,  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  Vancouver  ever  made  an  effort  to 
learn  one  local  name.  Had  he  but  pointed  a  finger  in 
dumb  inquiry,  we  might  enjoy  some  better  name  for 
Puget  Sound  and  the  matchless  mountain  that  guards 
its  eastern  wall,  and  the  Rainier-Tacoma  controversy 
would  not  have  arisen  to  embroil  two  cities,  and  to  force 
that  technically  just,  but  poetically  unjust,  decision  from 
the  Board  of  Geographic  Names  as  to  the  name  of  the 
superb  peak  at  the  head  of  Puget  Sound. 

By  a  strange  fatality  Vancouver  missed  the  oppor- 
tunity to  impose  commonplace  names  upon  the  great 
rivers  of  the  coast.  Although  anchoring  in  the  discol- 
ored waters  off  their  mouths,  he  failed  to  discover  the 


TOPICS  OF  THE   TIME. 


ni 


direct  it  by  the  county  prosecuting  attorney,  within  ten 
days  after  the  application  is  filed.  In  case  of  refusal  by 
the  prosecuting  officers,  the  applicant  can  bring  his  own 
action  in  the  name  of  the  State,  but  at  his  own  expense. 
All  actions  are  given  preference  on  the  docket  of  any 
court ''  1  the  State.  In  case  of  conviction,  the  judgment 
shall  be  rendered  ousting  and  excluding  the  defendant 
from  office,  and  in  favor  of  the  State  or  plaintiff*,  as  the 
case  may  be,  subject  to  the  provisions  for  the  next  suc- 
ceeding election.  In  case  the  applicant  or  plaintiff'  is 
in  turn  found  guiUy,  he  also  is  to  be  ousted,  and  the 
office  ir  to  be  filled  by  appointment  or  by  a  new  election. 

Under  the  California  law  any  elector  may  contest  the 
right  of  any  person  declared  elected  to  an  office,  within 
from  twenty  to  forty  days  after  election,  according  to  the 
office  involved,  and  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  district 
attorney  of  the  county  to  begin  forthwith,  if  there  is 
reasonable  ground  for  so  doing,  proceedings  in  court 
against  the  accused.  If  the  district  attorney  tails  or  re- 
fuses faithfully  to  perform  his  duty,  he  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  must  forfeit 
his  office.  Any  citizen  may  employ  an  attorney  to  assist 
the  district  attorney  in  this  work.  Every  candidate  con- 
victed of  violating  the  law  must  forfeit  his  office,  and 
cannot  be  appointed  to  it  during  the  period  for  which 
he  was  elected. 

The  Kansas  law  is  less  specific  and  less  stringent 
in  its  provisions  than  the  two  we  have  been  consider- 
ing, but  is  a  fairly  good  law.  It  requires  sworn  pub- 
lication by  both  candidates  and  committees,  forbids 
treating  and  bribery  and  undue  influence  of  all  kinds, 
and  makes  forfeiture  of  office  the  penalty  for  all  candi- 
dates found  guilty  of  violating  its  provisions.  A  cor- 
respondent of  The  Century,  writing  about  its  first 
trisd  in  the  elections  of  April,  1893,  says : 

The  value  of  the  law  has  been  demonstrated  by  the  mu- 
nicipal elections  in  April.  There  was  less  money  spent  in 
every  city,' the  elections  were  more  orderly,  and  there  was 
much  less  corruption  than  formerly.  The  mayor-elect  of 
the  capital  city,  Topeka,  with  over  10,000  voters,  filed  his 
verified  statement  showing  the  total  expenditure  in  his 
behalf  to  have  been  less  tban  $-0,  which  was  certainly 
very  small,  considering  the  deterinined  opposition  to  his 
election,  though  it  was  about  the  average  of  the  election 
expenses  in  otner  cities  of  Kansas. 

The  practical  working  of  the  California  and  Missouri 
laws  will  be  watched  with  great  interest.  Their  suc- 
cess will  depend  largely  upon  the  amount  of  public  sen- 
timent in  favor  of  their  rigid  enforcement,  for  upon  that 
hangs  the  fate  of  ill  similar  laws  everywhere.  We  be- 
lieve that  there  is  a  steady  growth  in  this  sentiment, 
the  evidence  of  which  is  to  be  found  in  the  inc'  asing 
stringency  of  the  successive  laws  which  are  t  .acted. 
Each  new  one  is  a  gain  on  its  predecessors,  and  each 
commands  a  wider  and  more  interested  audience. 

The  Only  Literary  Succeta  Worth  Having. 

The  relation  between  editors  and  authors  was  dis- 
cussed in  the  last  number  of  The  Century  —  espe- 
cially the  relation  between  the  editor  and  the  unknown 
author. 

The  general  subject  has  so  many  ramifications  that 
one  is  tempted  to  recur  to  the  main  theme,  and  to  fol- 
low out  the  branches  thereof  again  from  the  editorial 
point  of  view.  The  point  of  view  of  the  author  has  made 
itself  evident  in  literature  more  conspicuously  than  that 


of  the  editor ,;  perhaps  because  the  authors  greatly  out 
number  the  editors,  and  also  because  the  experience  of 
the  author  is  always  more  individual  and  interesting 
than  that  of  the  editor.  The  former  is  a  person,  the  lat 
ter  is  a  functionary.  The  author  has  a  career  which  may 
be  both  picturesque  and  pathetic.  The  editor  is  a  bu- 
reau ;  or  if,  to  a  certain  extent,  a  person  with  a  history, 
this  history  is  very  largely  lost  in  the  history  of  an 
"institution."  If  the  institution  happens  to  be  a  "suc- 
cessful "  one,  this  again  detracts  from  the  interest  in  the 
editor  as  an  individual.  The  actual  or  supposed  alliance 
of  the  editor  with  the  publisher  makes  him,  in  the  view 
of  the  author,  rather  an  agent,  or  representative,  and  not 
altogether  an  independent  force.  And  so  it  is  that  the 
editor  does  not  often  present  his  side  of  the  various  liter- 
ary problems  in  which  he  is  involved  with  the  frankness 
and  fullness  that  frequently  characterize  the  story  of  the 
author.  Perhaps  this  is  fortunate,  because,  as  the  editor 
to  some  extent  commands  the  situation,  it  is  evident 
that  if  he  should  avail  himself  of  all  his  opportunities 
to  put  forth  his  own  professional  opinions,  he  would 
soon  become  an  unmitigated  bore. 

But, to  proceed,we  were  agood  deal  interested  lately  in 
hearing  an  editor  —  who,  however,  was,  wo  fear,  some- 
thing of  an  old  fogy — draw  a  comparison  between  the 
method  of  procedure  on  the  part  of  authors  in  the  earlier 
days  of  American  literature  and  our  own  time.  He  said 
he  thought  there  was  a  great  deal  of  talent  afloat  nowa- 
days, but  it  lacked  concentration ;  it  was  too  svibject  to 
distraction.  He  said  he  had  seen  any  number  cf  bright 
and  strong  beginnings  end  in  slight  accomplishment 
through  lack  of  continuity  of  purpose,  and  of  a  high  ar- 
tistic ideal.  How  many  of  our  writers,  he  asked,  pi  oi^eed 
as  did  the  earlier  men,  with  deliberation,  and  with  the 
success  that  follows  intensity  of  purpose,  from  one  \vork 
of  art  to  another?  Leaving  out  thequestion  of  the  greater 
cost  of  living, —  which  may  indeed  be  balanced  by  the 
greater  pecuniary  rewards, —  it  sometimes  seems  that 
the  ease  of  reaching  the  public  nowadays,  by  one  chan- 
nel or  another,  renders  lesii  important  in  the  mind  of 
the  author  the  appearance  each  time  made  by  him  be- 
fore that  public. 

See  how  it  was  with  the  older  writers :  study  the  ca- 
reers of  Irving  and  Hawthorne,  Bryant  and  Longfellow, 
and  see  how  they  did  their  "  prettiest "  each  time ;  and 
see  how  this  deliberate  prog^ress  on  their  part  rapidly  or 
gradually  impressed  the  public  with  a  sense  of  their 
art.  If  it  is  true  that  many  of  our  better  writers  do  not 
build  up  their  work  with  the  artistic  conscience  of  the 
elder  men ;  that  they  yield  to  the  distracting  environment 
—  to  the  clamorous  editorial  environment,  itself,  per- 
haps—  if  this  is  true,  how  natural  that  younger  writers 
should  be  too  easily  satisfied  ^^  ith  insufficient  achieve- 
ment, and  fail  to  keep  before  their  eyes  a  true  standard, 
resting  satisfied  with  a  success  achieved  merely  by  some 
salient  quality,  not,  perhaps,  the  most  artistic  or  lasting. 

When  one  sees  certain  of  our  writers  proceeding 
with  patience  in  a  serene  and  contemplative  spirit,  in 
pursuance  of  a  lofty  ideal,  one  does  not  wish  to  be  com- 
mitted to  sweeping  assertions,  which  would  lead  to  un- 
just applications.  But  surely  it  is  safe  to  say  that  there 
never  was  a  time  in  the  history  of  American  lite'''ature 
when  it  has  seemed  more  needful  to  insist  upo.i  art, 
and  always  art,  as  a  requisite  to  the  only  "success" 
worth  having. 


797^ 

authors  greatly  ont- 
se  the  experience  of 
lual  and  interesting 
•  is  a  person,  the  lai- 
a  career  which  may 
The  editor  is  a  bu. 
Tson  with  a  history, 
the  history  of  an 
>pens  tobea"suc- 
n  the  interest  in  the 
r  supposed  alliance 
es  him,  in  the  view 
esentative,  and  not 
nd  so  it  is  that  the 
of  the  various  liter- 
with  the  frankness 
ize  the  story  of  the 
:ause,  as  the  editor 
tion,  it  is  evident 
his  opportunities 
pinions,  he  would 

nterested  lately  in 
w,  wo  fear,  some- 
ison  between  the 
hors  in  the  earlier 
mtime.    He  said 
dent  afloat  nowa- 
'as  too  subject  to 
aumbercf  bright 
accompli.5hment 
and  of  a  high  ar- 
»e  asked,  pi  ot>eed 
on,  andwit.h  the 
e,  from  one  work 
ion  of  the  greater 
balanced  by  the 
imes  seems  that 
ys,  by  one  chivn- 
in  the  mind  of 
lade  by  him  bt>. 

5 :  study  the  ca- 
md  Longfellow, 
iach  time;  and 
part  rapidly  or 
sense  of  their 
wiiters  do  not 
nscience  of  the 
genvironment 
;nt,  itself,  per- 
Junger  writers 
icient  achieve- 
true  standard, 
lerelybysome 
Stic  or  lasfing. 
s  proceeding 
Uive  spirit,  in 
ish  to  be  com- 
Id  lead  to  un- 
say that  there 
:<in  literature 
ist  upo,i  art, 
ly  "success" 


IN  LIGHTER    VEIN. 


799 


Columbia,  the  Fraser,  and  the  Stikine,  and  even  scouted 
the  possible  existence  of  the  first  two  when  Gray  and 
the  Spaniards  reported  them. 

He  first  visited  the  Spanish  settlement  of  "  St.  Fran- 
cisco "  in  Celifornia  in  November,  1792,  when  the  Pre- 
sidio was  garrisoned  by  thirty-five  soldiers,  and  sheep 
and  cattle  grazed  on  aU  the  hills.  The  commaL  .  ;nt's 
adobe  house,  where  Vancouver  visited  the  sergeant 
tempori^rily  in  command,  is  still  standing.  Vancouver 
also  visited  ^he  Franciscan  and  Santa  Clara  missions, 
and  about  twenty-five  miles  below  San  Francisco,  he 
entered  a  country  he  "little  expected  to  find  in  these 
rejjions.  For  about  twenty  miles  it  could  only  be 
compared  to  a  park  which  had  originally  been  closely 
planted  with  the  true  old  English  oak." 

The  accounts  of  Vancouver's  California  visits  of  1 793 
and  1 794  are  most  interesting,  and  his  search  of  all  the 
fiords  of  the  great  north  coast,  all"  terminating  as  usual  " 
in  some  cul-de-sac,  is  a  romance  of  exploration.  At  last 
it  was  proved  that  no  passage  through  the  mountains 
existed,  and  by  the  surveyor's  last  camp-fire  on  Alaska 
islands  they  remembered  "  with  no  small  portion  of 
facetious  mirth  "  that  they  Iiad  set  sail  to  find  the  mys- 
terious Northwest  Passage  on  the  first  of  April. 

Vancouver's  "  Voyages  "  is  still  the  best  handbook 
for  all  that  marvelous  scenic  cuast.  Yet  of  this  great 
surveyor  neither  a  full  biography  nor  a  portrait  is  ob- 
tainable, and  copies  of  his  works  are  seldom  found 
save  in  the  largest  libraries. 

Eliza  Ruhamah  Scidmore. 
American  Artitta  Series. 

M.   BOLTON  JONES.      (Scc  page  771.) 

In  no  class  of  pictorial  representation  is  there  so 
much  variety  and  individuality  among  American  ar- 
tists as  in  that  of  landscape,  and  no  class  of  picture  is 
more  popular,  for  happily  we  have  outgrown  the  old 
prejudice  which  relegated  landscape  to  a  place  inferior 
to  that  of  figure-painting.    To  say  nothing  of  our  In- 


ness,  who  is  in  the  world's  first  rank,  we  have  in  Davis, 
Martin,  Tryon,  and  others,  delightfully  individual  and 
successful  landscape-painters. 

The  picture"  Spring," engraved  on  page  771,  is  the 
work  of  one  of  th "  most  conscientious  and  sensitive  of 
the  landscapists.  Mr.  Bolton  Jones  knows  nature  and 
loves  her  well,  and  he  is  so  well  skilled  in  the  use  of 
his  materials  as  to  be  able  deftly  to  transfix  many  of  her 
moo<ls.    In  other  words,  he  is  a  well-trained  painter. 

Mr.  H.  Bolton  Jones  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1848. 
Eighteen  years  later  he  exhibited  in  the  National  Acad- 
emy of  Design  in  New  York.  In  1876  he  went  to 
France.  He  did  not  go  through  any  regular  academ- 
ical course  there,  but  painted  from  nature  in  Pont- Aven 
and  oth(  r  parts  of  Brittany,  and  spent  one  year  in  like 
manner  in  Algiers.  During  his  residence  in  France 
he  profited  much  by  contact  with  artists  older  than  he, 
among  these  Wylie,  Pelouse,  and  Defnux.  In  1881 
Mr.  Jones  was  admitted  an  Associate  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design,  and  two  years  later  he  was  made  a 
full  member.  He  shortly  after  became  its  vice-presi- 
dent, a  position  which  he  held  for  several  years.  He 
received  medals  at  the  Paris  and  Chicago  expositions. 

W.  Lewis  Fraser. 


"  Garfield  antl  ConklinK  "  —  A  Correction. 

In  the  January  Century,  ex-Senator  Dawes,  de- 
scribing the  "Garfield  and  Conkling"  controversy, 
said  that  the  feeling  was  intensified  "  by  the  appoint- 
ment to  the  cabinet  of  a  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
from  New  York,  not  only  without  consultation  with 
the  Senator,  but  against  his  earnest  recommendation 
of  another."  Mr.  Dawes  writes  to  explain  that "  strict 
accuracy  would  have  required  me  to  say  '  by  the  offer  of 
an  appointment,'  "  etc.,  the  offer  having  been  made  to 
Judge  Folger  before  the  appointment  of  William  Win- 
dom.  Judge  Folger  subsequently  accepted  the  Treasury 
portfolio  from  President  Arthur.         The  Editor. 


IN    LIGHTER    VEIN. 


Minerva  in  Boston. 

MY  Minerva  flouts  the  Graces,  and  forgets  how  fair 
her  face  is. 
But  the  higher  criticism  she  entirely  comprehends ; 
So  she  dresse";  very  plainly,  after  some  reform  un- 
gainly, 
And  looks  on  Briggi  and  Speticer  as  her  intimates 
and  friends. 

She  's  indifferent  to  ices  and  confectioners'  devices, 
But  on   esoteric   Buddhism   she   loves  to  ponder 
well; 

.\nd  though  she  never  glances  at  the  popular  romances, 
She  indulges  on  occasion  in  a  "study"  or  "pastel." 

i'lhe  's  superior  to  flirtation  ;  she  contributes  to  "  The 
Nation," 
And  she  'd  be  a  rank  agnostic  if  she  did  n't  know 
so  much; 
She   declines   in  social  duty  to  display  her  modest 
beauty. 
But  she 's  put  a  poem  of  Browning  into  genuine  low 
Dutch. 


She  is  musically  clever,  and  the  "  tune  "  taboos  forever. 

For  to  "  Vagner  "  she  is  faithful,  and  to  Brahms  she 

gives  her  heart ; 

Then  at  art's  high  aJtar  kneeling  she  will  talk  "  tech- 

nic  "  and  "  feeling," 

And  if  I  say, "  It 's  pretty,"  will  reply,"  But  is  it  art?" 

Dare  I  ever  hope  to  hold  her  in  the  arms  that  would 
infold  her  ? 
Or,  with  Plato  for  my  pattern,  must  I  tell  my  love 
in  Greek  ? 
Let  me  curb   this  crude  young  passion,  and,  since 
courting  's  out  of  fashion. 
Woo  Minerva  with  a  problem,  and  of  Eros  shyly 
speak. 

Mos'  persistently  I  'm  cramming,  but  I  weary  of  my 
shamming. 
And  am  not  intoxicated  with  Castalia's  bitter  cup  ; 
I  might  win  the  maid's  affections  through  a  course  in 
conic  sections. 
But  I  wonder  if,  once  married,  I  could  keep  the 
blamed  thing  up. 

Edxvard  A.  Church, 


8oo 


IN  LIGHTER    VEIN. 


The  Kodak  Fiend. 

Oh,  doan'  go  out,  'Lias,  doan'  go  out. 
For  Ue  Kodak  fiend  he  's  all  about ; 

You  know  yo'  features  mighty  plain, 

An'  he  haunt  tie  street  an'  de  meader-Ianf , 

He  sets  in  de  kyar  w'en  de  kyar  goes  by. 
An'  de  railroad  one,  he  's  mighty  sly ; 

He  doan'  care  w'eder  you  clean  or  not, 
An'  he  '11  take  yo'  rags  right  on  de  spot. 

Ef  he  do  it  now  wid  yo'  'lasses  face, 
I  tell  you,  'Lias,  you  '11  be  'n  disgrace. 

No,  doan'  go  out,  'Lias,  doan'  go  out. 
For  de  kodak  fiend  he  's  all  aoout ; 

He  come  down  hyar  de  oder  day, 
An'  he  tuk  dis  shanty  w'en  I  's  away; 

An'  he  drove  in  front  de  goats  an'  geese, 

An'  de  ole  lame  sheep,  wid  his  thick  black  fleece; 

De  hats  in  de  window  an'  rags  he  got, 
Wid  his  hoodoo  gun,  f 'om  de  meader-lot. 

Oh,  de  kodak  fiend,  he  's  sly  an'  mean. 
An'  you  can't  go  out  nwr  his  machine. 

Or  he  '11  take  you  down  wid  yo'  kink<;d-up  hair. 
An'  yo'  dirty  clothes,  and  yo'  feet  all  bare. 

He  's  got  de  meader,  de  bridge  an'  stream. 
An'  de  boss's  mule  an'  d'  ole  ox-team; 

An'  I  doan'  now  reckon  a  single  spot 
Dat  he  has  n't  look*  for,  an'  has  n't  got. 

W'en  yo'  Uncle  Mose'  rode  on  de  mule. 
An'  brought  de  chil'en  home  f'om  school, — 

Wid  six  'pon  de  small  mule's  holler  back, — 
De  kodak  fiend  went  'long  his  track. 


An'  just 's  dey  reached  de  ole  stone  waH, 
He  sot  'is  gun,  an'  he  tuk  dem  all; 

An'  I  hear  he  call  his  hoodooed  thing 

"De  School-Out,  Mule-Back  Blackberry  Siring." 

So  I  tell  you,  'Lias,  't  ain't  safe  any  more 
For  'spect'ble  folks  to  go  out-door; 

'Nless  dey  go  in  de  ed|,e  of  night, 
W'en  de  sun  an'  de  gun  is  out  o'  sight. 


Joel  BenUm. 


Biggeet  of  All. 


"Put  away  lying:  "  this  the  preacher's  text. 
When  a  fair  Sunday  crowded  every  pew. 

He  preached  so  close  that  "What  is  coming  next?" 
Kept  both  bare  heads  and  bonnets  all  askew. 

Lies  of  all  kinds  he  deftly  classified, 
Giving  the  forms  and  colors  of  each  class. 

Where  was  the  hearer,  then,  that  had  not  lied ; 
Who  could  not  somewhere  find  his  looking-glass  ? 

Lies  of  good  nature,  pity,  courtesy. 
Revenge  and  malice,  slander,  envy,  fear ; 

The  lies  of  business  and  of  policy, 
And  lies  political,  told  once  a  year. 

But,  at  the  sermon's  close,  the  preacher  leant 
Over  the  pulpit  with  close- fo.ded  arms 

And  such  a  gracious  smile,  as  if  it  meant 
To  balm  the  conscience  pricked  with  truth's  alarms. 

"  But  I  do  fondly  trust,  my  people  dear. 
These  subtle  sins  are  found  not  at  your  door !  " 

This  said;  a  butt  of  slander  whispered  clear, 
"  That  lie  beats  everything  that  went  before !  " 

Charlotte  Fiske  Bates. 
Her  Smile. 

The  odor  is  the  rose; 

The  smile 's  the  woman. 
Delights  the  bud  doth  sheathe. 
Unfolded,  all  may  breathe. 
So  joys  that  none  could  know 
Her  smiles  on  all  bestow, 
As  tho  gh  a  rose  were  happy  to  be  human ! 

H.  U.  J. 


THI  Dl  VIHN:^  r«BSS,  MIW  YOKK. 


waH, 

:rry  String, 
more 

fl  Benton. 


ext, 

r. 

ignext?" 

Skew. 


iS. 

lied; 
ing-glass  ? 


int 


h's  alarms. 


loor !  " 
r, 
)re !  " 

r  Bates. 


human  I 
U.  J. 


